Hollywood at War: Stars Who Served (Part III)

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On December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy led a surprise military strike against the American naval base stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The following day, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declared war against Japan, which fully plunged the United States into World War II.

After the attack on Pearl Harbor, thousands of American men enlisted in the various branches of the armed forces to help their country in the fight against the Axis Powers. Some of these men were established Hollywood actors, while others became recognizable movie stars in the post-war period. Here are five male actors who served in World War II before they were famous.
 

Paul Newman (1925-2008) | United States Navy, 1943-1946

After graduating from high school in June 1943, Newman volunteered for the U.S. Navy and enrolled in the V-12 pilot training programme at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut. When his colourblindess was discovered, he was sent to a traditional boot camp in Newport, Rhode Island, and received training as a rear-seat radioman and gunner in torpedo bombers. Qualifying as an aviation radioman third class in 1944, Newman was shipped out to Barbers Point, Hawaii, and assigned to a series of torpedo squadrons based in the Pacific. He and his crewmates were responsible mainly for training replacement pilots and air crewmen in a variety of skills, including carrier landings. The various units in which he served were stationed at different locations throughout the war: Eniwetok Atoll, Guam, Okinawa, and finally Saipan, in the Northern Mariana Islands, where he arrived in January 1945 and would remain until the Japanese surrender in September of that year.
 
Shortly before the Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945, Newman was assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Bunker Hill as a radioman-gunner in an Avenger torpedo bomber. However, the pilot of his aircraft developed an ear infection and was grounded, as were Newman and his other crewmates. The rest of their squadron flew to the Bunker Hill to carry out their mission. On May 11, the vessel was struck and severely damaged by two Japanese kamikaze planes, which resulted in the death of several hundred crewmen and airmen, including members of Newman's unit. When his squadron broke up, Newman was assigned to a Carrier Aircraft Service Unit operating out of Seattle, Washington, and was honourably discharged in January 1946.
 
LEFT: Paul Newman in his Navy uniform. MIDDLE: Aerial view of Ewa Field (near) and Barbers Point Naval Air Station (beyond) in Hawaii, January 20, 1943. RIGHT: The flight deck of the USS Bunker Hill after it was struck by two kamikaze planes on May 11, 1945.

Charles Durning (1923-2012) | United States Army, 1943-1946

Durning enlisted in the U.S. Army in January 1943 and received basic training at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, and later at Fort Polk, Louisiana. Promoted to Private First Class, he was shipped out to England in February 1944 to prepare for the Allied invasion of Normandy. Initially assigned to the 386th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battalion, Durning was transferred to the 17th Replacement Depot and landed at Omaha Beach after D-Day. On June 15, 1944, he was hit by shrapnel from a land mine set off by long range German artillery and suffered a concussion, multiple lacerations to the face and wounds to his head, chest, legs, left foot, hands and fingers. In December, after six months of recovery, he was declared «physically fit for full field duty.»
 
Following his release from the hospital, Durning was transferred to the 10th Replacement Control Depot and was later placed on temporary duty with the 159th Infantry Regiment, which was sent to the front lines to reinforce the regiments in the 106th Infantry Division that were decimated in the Battle of the Bulge. Fought in the densely forested Ardennes region between Belgium and Luxembourg between December 1944 and January 1945, the Battle of the Bulge was the largest and bloodiest battle of the war and ended with an Allied victory, forcing the German forces to retreat. After V-E Day, he was reassigned to the 398th Infantry Regiment, 100th Infantry Division, and engaged in occupational duties until his discharge in January 1946.
 
LEFT: Charles Durning in Europe during the war. MIDDLE: Troops of the 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division, landing on Omaha Beach on D-Day, on June 6, 1944. RIGHT: Men of the 106th Infantry Division during the Battle of the Bulge.

Art Carney (1918-2003) | United States Army, 1943-1945

Carney enlisted in the United States Army in December 1943 and was assigned as a Private to the 28th Infantry Division. He landed at Normandy in July 1944, seven weeks after D-Day, and took part in Operation Cobra, an Allied offensive launched by the U.S. First Army under Lieutenant General Omar Bradley to break through German defenses around Saint-Lô, France. The Allies achieved victory against the Nazi troops, resulting in the loss of the German strategic position in northwestern France.

In August 1944, while manning a machine gun, Carney was hit by shrapnel from a German mortar shell, which severely wounded him in his right leg. After receiving field treatment, he was taken to an Army hospital in England, and was shipped back to America nine months later. As a result of his injury, he walked with a limp for the rest of his life. He was honourably discharged in 1945.
 
LEFT: Art Carney in 1940. MIDDLE: U.S. infantrymen on the advance through Normandy towards Brittany after the capture of Saint-Lô in July 1944. RIGHT: Men of the 28th Infantry Division marching down the Champs-Élysées in Paris, on August 29, 1944.

Charlton Heston (1923-2008) | United States Army Air Forces, 1944-1946

Heston enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces in 1944 and received training as a radio operator and gunner abroad North American B-25 Mitchell medium bombers. Assigned to the 77th Bombardment Squadron of the Eleventh Air Force, he was stationed in the Alaskan Aleutian Islands, which the U.S. had reclaimed from the invading Japanese in August 1943. He flew several combat missions over the Kuril Islands of northern Japan, most of the time under extreme weather conditions.
 
One day in 1945, as the Americans were planning for a possible invasion of Japan from the Aleutians, an aircraft returning from a mission got caught in a crosswind and crashed onto the island where Heston was stationed. As he and others ran to help get the pilots out of their cockpits, he slipped on a patch of ice and was run over by an ambulance. He was then sent to Elmerdorf Field in nearby Anchorage, Alaska, and after he recovered, he was assigned to the base control tower. He was discharged as a staff sergeant in March 1946.
 
LEFT: Charlton Heston in his apartment in New York City in 1950. RIGHT: A B-25 of the 77th Bombardment Squadron serving in the Aleutian Islands Campaign.

James Arness (1923-2011) | United States Army, 1943-1945

Arness was drafted into the U.S. Army in March 1943 and received basic training at Camp Butner, North Carolina. Assigned as a rifleman with the 2nd Platoon, E Company, 2nd Battalion, 7th Infantry Regiment of the 3rd Infantry Division, Arness was in the first wave of troops that landed at Anzio Beachead in January 1944 to take part in Operation Shingle, the Allied invasion of Italy. Due to his height (he was 6'7''/2.01 m), Arness was the first man to be ordered off his landing craft to determine the depth of the water; it came up to this waist.
 
In February 1944, while on a patrol, Arness was severely wounded after being shot in the right leg by German machine gun fire. He was taken to the 95th Evacuation Hospital near the coast of Italy, and later evacuated to the United States, where he was sent to the 91st General Hospital in Clinton, Iowa. As a result of his injuries and a subsequent infection, his right leg was two centimetres (0.78 inches) shorter. Arness was honourably discharged as a corporal in January 1945.
 
LEFT: James Arness in his Army uniform. MIDDLE: James Arness, with his leg in a cast, and his brother, actor Peter Graves, who served in the Army Air Forces from 1944 to 1945. RIGHT: Men of the U.S. 3rd Infantry Division landing at Anzio in January 1944.

Stay tuned for more «Hollywood at War» articles. For now, you can also read Stars Who Served (Part I), Stars Who Served (Part II), The Female Front and The Hollywood Canteen.
 
 
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SOURCES:
«Arness, James King "Jim".» World War II Gravestone, https://ww2gravestone.com/people/arness-james-king/.
Borden, Marian Edelman. Paul Newman: A Biography. Greenwood, 2011. 
«Charlton Heston's World War II Service.» Military.com, 14 Mar. 2017, https://www.military.com/undertheradar/2017/03/314-charlton-hestons-world-war-ii-service.
Karras, Steve. «Charles Durning's War: Heroism, Exaggeration, Fabrication? War Records Don't Match All Durning's Accolades.» Indiana Military, 24 May 2013, https://www.indianamilitary.org/106ID/Diaries/None-POW/Durning-Charles/Durning-Charles.htm. 
Levy, Shawn. Paul Newman: A Life. Harmony Books, 2009.

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