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In the early 1950s, 20th Century Fox, like all the Hollywood studios, began facing massive declines in theatre attendance. The advent of television provided Americans with a cheaper and more convenient form of entertainment at home, where families could watch a wide variety of programmes at little additional cost. Desperate to lure potential moviegoers away from their television sets, studio chiefs began exploiting the two obvious advantages that film enjoyed over the new medium: the size of its images and, at a time when television broadcasting was in black-and-white, the ability to produce photographic colour. The introduction of Kodak's Eastmancolor film stock in 1950 made movie production more affordable and efficient, since it could be used with conventional cameras, unlike the previous and more cumbersome Technicolor system. Within four years, over 50 percent of all Hollywood features were being produced in colour.   LEFT: A typical 1950s American family gathered around a te...

Today is Katharine Hepburn 's 119th birthday. From her motion picture debut in A Bill of Divorcement (1932) to iconic performances in such films as Bringing Up Baby (1938), The Philadelphia Story (1940), The African Queen (1951), Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967) and On Golden Pond (1981), she had a career like no other. She won four Academy Awards, the most out of any other performer, and got nominated for eight more. She was intelligent, headstrong, independent and outspoken, at a time when women were generally regarded as being the opposite. She was always unapologetically herself; there were no airs about her, no pretense, no façade. She was always just Kate. This is her life in photos. At the age of four, in 1911.   With fellow Bryn Mawr students Margaret Barker (left) and Elizabeth Stewart (middle) in a production of A. A. Milne's The Truth About Blayds , in April 1927.    In costume for the Broadway play The Lake , in November 1934.    With Ginge...